,Evolution of the Internet AS-level topology:From nodes and edges to components

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Studying the topology of infrastructure communication networks (e.g., the Inteet) has become a means to under-stand and develop complex systems. Therefore, investigating the evolution of Inteet network topology might elucidate disciplines goveing the dynamic process of complex systems. It may also contribute to a more intelligent communication network framework based on its autonomous behavior. In this paper, the Inteet Autonomous Systems (ASes) topology from 1998 to 2013 was studied by deconstructing and analysing topological entities on three different scales (i.e., nodes, edges and 3 network components: single-edge component M1, binary component M2 and triangle component M3). The results indicate that: a) 95%of the Inteet edges are inteal edges (as opposed to exteal and boundary edges);b) the Inteet network consists mainly of inteal components, particularly M2 inteal components; c) in most cases, a node initially connects with multiple nodes to form an M2 component to take part in the network;d) the Inteet network evolves to lower entropy. Furthermore, we find that, as a complex system, the evolution of the Inteet exhibits a behavioral series, which is similar to the biological phenomena conceed with the study on metabolism and replication. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the evolution of the Inteet network through analysis of dynamic features of its nodes, edges and components, and therefore our study represents an innovative approach to the subject.
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