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上个世纪九十年代末,随着乡镇企业的私有化产权改革,诞生了一批企业老板。在苏南地区,地方政府出于种种目的安排或同意一些老板出任其企业所在村的党委书记,也成了一种普遍现象。这些双重身份的书记在特定背景下,为自己营造出一片可观的个人化自由政治空间。而乡镇企业的市场化、私有化和户籍约束的松动则改变了农村政治精英的基本身份,重塑了他们的性质,使之“去农村化”和“老板化”。他们因之以一种全新的姿态对其所担负的政治精英角色进行一番前所未有的演绎——把村庄当作企业战略的一种延伸进行投资和治理。新的角色定位背后蕴含着一种伦理精神,熊彼特称之为“企业家精神”。它与传统集体主义的伦理关怀必然会产生内在紧张,而后者恰恰是广大村民所坚持和信守的,也是他们对农村政治精英的伦理诉求。这就使改制后的苏南农村治理陷于一种伦理困境当中。
In the late 1990s, with the reform of the privatization of property rights of township and village enterprises, a number of business owners were born. In southern Jiangsu, it has also become a common phenomenon for local governments to arrange or agree on the appointment of some of the bosses as party committee secretaries in the villages in which they work. In their own specific context, these dual identities clerks create a considerable space for personal liberalization. The marketization and privatization of township enterprises and the loosening of household registration constraints have changed the basic identities of rural political elites and reshaped their nature, making them “rural-oriented” and “bossy.” As a result, they have undertaken an entirely new interpretation of their role as a political elite - investing and managing the village as an extension of its corporate strategy. Behind the new role of positioning contains an ethical spirit, Schumpeter called “entrepreneurial spirit ”. Its ethical concern with traditional collectivism inevitably leads to internal tension, which is exactly what the majority of villagers insist and keep, as well as their ethical appeal to the rural political elite. This has left the restructured Sunan rural governance trapped in an ethical dilemma.