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The denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation is an ecologically important process for reducing the potential methane emission into the atmosphere.The responsible bacterium for this process was Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera belonging to the bacterial phylum of NC10.In this study,a new pair of primers targeting all the five groups of NC10 bacteria was designed to amplify NC10 bacteria from different environmental niches.The results showed that the group A was the dominant NC10 phylum bacteria from the sludges and food waste digestate while in paddy soil samples,group A and group B had nearly the same proportion.Our results also indicated that NC10 bacteria could exist in a high pH environment (pH 9.24) from the food waste treatment facility.The Pearson relationship analysis showed that the pH had a significant positive relationship with the NC10 bacterial diversity (p ＜ 0.05).The redundancy analysis further revealed that the pH,volatile solid and nitrite nitrogen were the most important factors in shaping the NC10 bacterial structure (p =0.01) based on the variation inflation factors selection and Monte Carlo test (999 times).Results of this study extended the existing molecular tools for studying the NC10 bacterial community structures and provided new information on the ecological distributions of NC10 bacteria.