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在德国,媒体对人格权的侵犯问题一向是备受学术界和司法实践关注的问题,因为它涉及两项为宪法所提供和保障的基本权利,一是受《宪法》第1条第1款和第2条第2款保护的人格权,二是受《宪法》第5条第1款保护的新闻自由。这两项权利不仅对一个民主和自由的社会来说都是必不可少的,而且在宪法的层面上是平等的,不存在对其中一项权利的保护优先于另一项权利的问题。所以,在面对具体的案例时,如何在对这两项权利的保护中取得很好的平衡,是德国的法学家和法官们共同面对的首要和核心的任务。本文希望通过对德国民法在媒体侵犯人格权的情形下提供损害赔偿请求权的前提条件进行全面的考察,在人格权和媒体自由的保护之间明确一个界限——一条为了保护个体的人格权而禁止媒体跨越的界限。在德国长期的司法实践中发展出的规则对我国的人格权保护制度的完善也将具有重要的借鉴意义。
In Germany, the issue of the media's violation of personality rights has always been a subject of great concern to academics and judicial practice because it involves two basic rights provided and guaranteed by the Constitution. First, the violation of Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Constitution And the right to personality protected by article 2, paragraph 2, and second, the freedom of the press, protected by article 5, paragraph 1, of the Constitution. These two rights are indispensable not only for a democratic and free society, but also for equality at the constitutional level. There is no question of the protection of one of the rights over another. Therefore, in the face of specific cases, how to strike a good balance between the protection of these two rights is the primary and core task that the German jurists and judges face together. This article hopes to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the preconditions of German civil law providing the right to claim damages in the case of media infringement of personality right, and define a clear boundary between the right of personality and the protection of media freedom. In order to protect individual right of personality Prohibit the boundaries of the media across. The rules developed in Germany's long-term judicial practice will also have important referential significance for the perfection of our country's personality right protection system.