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汉语和日语中都有保留宾语被动句,二者有相似的句法语义特征,但是二者的成立条件不尽相同。本文考察了汉、日语保留宾语被动句的不同类别,认为汉、日语保留宾语被动句的成立条件的不同在于被动句主语的性质:汉语保留宾语被动句的主语是受动者,而日语保留宾语被动句的主语是受影者。不管是受动者主语被动句,还是受影者主语被动句,都呈现出主题句的特征。
Both Chinese and Japanese have reserved passive sentences, which have similar syntactic and semantic features, but the conditions for the establishment of the two are different. This paper examines the different categories of passive sentences in the Chinese and Japanese languages and holds that the differences between the conditions for the formation of the passive sentences in the Chinese and Japanese languages are that the subject of the passive sentences is the subject, The subject of passive sentences is the victim. No matter passive subjects ’passive sentences or passive subjects’ subjects, all of them show the characteristics of thematic sentences.