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目的了解开封市2006—2009年麻疹流行病学特征,提出麻疹控制措施。方法对2006—2009年开封市麻疹发病及采取的预防控制措施进行描述流行病学分析。结果 7年间麻疹流行趋势经历了2005年发病高峰至2006年达到了发病新低,于2007年开始回升,2008年达到了发病率的新高。麻疹病例分布广泛,流行模式以散发和暴发并存,病例主要集中在尉氏县、杞县、开封县和兰考县。发病季节主要集中在4—6月;属小年龄发病模式,<1岁儿童为麻疹高发年龄段,其病例构成在29.39%～38.28%之间;病例中有75%的无免疫史或免疫不详史,19%仅接种1剂麻疹疫苗。结论该市在加强常规免疫接种的同时,应扩大适龄儿童开展麻疹疫苗强化免疫,采取针对不同人群实施补充接种(如育龄妇女、孕前妇女等)等综合防制措施,有效降低麻疹发病率。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Kaifeng City from 2006 to 2009 and put forward measles control measures. Methods The incidence of measles in Kaifeng city in 2006-2009 and the preventive and control measures taken were described by epidemiological analysis. Results The prevalence of measles in the past seven years experienced a peak incidence in 2005 and reached a new low in 2006, beginning to rise in 2007 and reaching a new high in 2008. Measles cases are widely distributed, with the epidemic mode of exudes and outbreak coexist, the cases are mainly concentrated in Weishi County, Qi County, Kaifeng County and Lankao County. The onset season mainly concentrated in April-June; is a small age pattern of onset, <1 year-old children with high incidence of measles, the cases constitute between 29.39% ~ 38.28%; 75% of the cases had no history of immunization or immune unknown 19% had only one dose of measles vaccine. Conclusions While strengthening routine immunization, the city should expand measles vaccine-fortified immunization for school-aged children and take comprehensive control measures such as supplementary vaccination (such as women of childbearing age and pre-pregnancy) for different groups to effectively reduce the incidence of measles.