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目的掌握四川省通江县农村2015年土源性线虫感染流行现状、流行特征及影响因素。方法采用Kato-Katz法查土源性线虫卵并计数(一粪两检),透明胶纸肛拭法加做3~6岁儿童蛲虫卵,试管滤纸培养法鉴定钩虫虫种。结果土源性线虫总感染率为11.19%;地区差异有统计学意义(χ~2=12.39,P<0.01),以浅井水或坑塘水为主要饮用水源的农村感染率最高为13.19%,以改厕率较低的农村感染率最高为13.19%,以粪便无害化处理率较低的农村感染率最高为13.19%;无明显性别差异(χ~2=2.70,P>0.05);年龄别差异有统计学意义(χ~2=61.89,P<0.01),以70~94岁感染率最高为21.19%;职业别差异有统计学意义(χ~2=22.07,P<0.01),以农民感染率最高为14.33%;文化程度差异有统计学意义(χ~2=137.80,P<0.01),以小学文化感染率最高为14.18%。结论通江县农村土源性线虫感染呈较高水平流行,经济落后、改水改厕覆盖面小、居民缺乏防治知识并有不良卫生行为、未开展集体驱虫是引起感染流行的重要因素。
Objective To investigate the prevalence, epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of soil-borne nematode infections in rural areas of Tongjiang County, Sichuan Province in 2015. Methods Kato-Katz method was used to check the soil-borne nematode eggs and count (one feces and two feces). The transparent adhesive tape anal swabs were used to make the eggs of 3-6-year-old children. The tubeworm filter paper was used to identify the hookworm species. Results The total infection rate of soil-borne nematodes was 11.19%. The regional difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 12.39, P <0.01). The highest infection rate was 13.19% in rural areas with shallow well water or pit-pond water as main source of drinking water. The highest infection rate was 13.19% in rural areas with a low rate of lavatories and 13.19% in rural areas with low excrement innocuous treatment rates. There was no significant gender difference (χ ~ 2 = 2.70, P> 0.05). There was significant difference in age (χ ~ 2 = 61.89, P <0.01), and the highest infection rate was 21.19% in 70-94 years old (P <0.01) The highest infection rate of peasants was 14.33%. There was significant difference in educational level (χ ~ 2 = 137.80, P <0.01). The highest infection rate in primary school was 14.18%. Conclusion The infection of soil-borne nematodes in Tongjiang County is epidemic at a relatively high level. The economy is lagging behind, and the coverage of water supply and toilets is small. Residents lack knowledge of prevention and treatment and have unhealthy behaviors. Colony-insecticide is not an important factor causing the epidemic.