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医院是我国药品的主要销售渠道,且长期以来药品由单个医院分散采购。针对药品生产、流通秩序混乱,药品价格虚高等问题,有关部门从2000年开始在全国推行以地(市)为单位的药品集中招标采购。整个制度演变可分为地方自发探索集中采购(1993-1999),全国推行集中招标采购(2000-2004),各地探索新的集中采购方式(2005-至今)三个阶段。政策目标则从单一的“规范医疗机构购药行为”扩展为“整顿药品流通秩序、规范药品价格、纠正医药购销的不正之风、降低群众医药费用负担”等多重目标,并将降低药品价格作为首要目标之一。
Hospitals are the main sales channels for medicines in our country. For a long time, medicines have been distributed and purchased by a single hospital. In response to such problems as the production and distribution of drugs, the chaotic circulation order and the high price of medicines, relevant departments started to push for the centralized bidding and purchasing of medicines by taking the places (cities) as the unit nationwide from 2000 onwards. The evolution of the entire system can be divided into three stages: spontaneous exploration of centralized procurement by local governments (1993-1999), centralized bidding and procurement (2000-2004) and exploration of new centralized procurement methods (2005-present) all over the country. The policy objective is to extend the scope from a single “standardizing the purchase of medicines by medical institutions” to multiple goals such as “rectifying the circulation of medicines, regulating the prices of medicines, correcting unhealthy practices in the purchase and sale of medicines, and reducing the burden on the masses of medical expenses” Reduce drug prices as one of the primary goals.