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目的确定赤桉叶中主要GC/MS峰所代表的化学成分以及其对杀螺作用的贡献,探索一条从天然产物中寻找有效成分的快捷途径。方法在同一地点连续采集12个月的赤桉树叶,并采用二氯甲烷提取;利用GC/MS技术分析其化学成分;采用室内浸杀法进行杀螺药效实验并计算LC50;利用灰色系统理论建模软件对12个月赤桉叶提取物的主要成分及其相应提取物的杀螺活性作灰色关联分析。结果赤桉树叶的二氯甲烷提取物均表现出较好的杀螺活性,尤以6月和7月采集的样品杀螺作用最强,其LC50分别为0.257 mg/L和0.242 mg/L,而1月和12月的样品杀螺作用最弱,LC50分别为6.802 mg/L和5.406 mg/L。GC/MS分析鉴定了16个主要化学成分,多为单萜及倍半萜类化合物;与杀螺活性的灰色相对关联度均>0.5,其中5个成分的灰色关联度>0.9,分别为4,4,8-三甲基[6.3.1.0(1,5)]三环十二烷-2,9-二醇、(-)-桉油烯醇、(-)-桉油烯醇的同分异构体或类似物、1,8-桉叶油素、喇叭茶醇。结论赤桉叶二氯甲烷提取物中多个成分与杀螺活性均表现出了较好的关联度,提示其杀灭钉螺作用可能是多种化学成分共同作用的结果。
Aim To determine the chemical composition of the major GC / MS peaks in Eucalyptus globulus and its contribution to the role of snail killing, and to explore an efficient way to find the active ingredients from natural products. Methods The leaves of Eucalyptus urophylla were collected continuously at the same site for 12 months and extracted with dichloromethane. The chemical constituents were analyzed by GC / MS. The indoor immersion method was used to determine the mortality of M. spiralis and the LC50 was calculated. Based on the gray system theory Modeling software for 12 months Eucalyptus leaves extract the main components and the corresponding extracts of the kill screw activity for gray correlation analysis. Results The methylene chloride extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves showed good activity to kill molluscate, especially the samples collected in June and July showed the strongest effect with the LC50 of 0.257 mg / L and 0.242 mg / L respectively, While in the samples of January and December, the effect of killing was the weakest, the LC50 was 6.802 mg / L and 5.406 mg / L, respectively. Sixteen main chemical components were identified by GC / MS, mostly monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds. The relative relativity with the gray activity of molluscicidal activity were both> 0.5. Among them, the gray relational grade of five components was> 0.9, which were respectively 4 (-) - eucalyptol, 4,8-trimethyl [6.3.1.0 (1,5)] tricyclododecane-2,9-diol, Isomer or the like, 1,8-eucalyptol, honaconitol. Conclusion Many components of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf dichloromethane extract showed a good correlation with the activity of snail killing, indicating that the killing effect of snail may be the result of the interaction of many chemical components.