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一、前言匈奴是中国古代北方一个古老的游牧民族。匈奴之名最早出现在中国古代史籍是在公元前4世纪末。公元前3世纪(东周时期)匈奴开始崛起,至秦汉之际已经成为蒙古草原一个极为重要的政治和军事势力,其疆域幅员广阔,北至贝加尔湖,南至蒙古戈壁沙漠,西至帕米尔高原,东至辽河流域。匈奴在公元前1世纪开始衰落(东汉时期)。公元48年,匈奴在东汉王朝的持续打击下分裂为南北二部,南匈奴附汉,北匈奴被迫西迁。在大漠南北活跃了约三百年的匈奴帝国由此谢幕。在漫长的历史长河中,匈奴的产生、存在和发展对中国的历史产生了重大而深远的影响。在匈奴帝国的形成过程中,匈奴吸收和兼并了许多较小的氏族部落,最终发展成为一个包含众多不同民族或者种族的统一共同体。因此,匈奴人种的构成非常复杂,关于匈奴主体民族的人种问题一直争论
First, the preface Xiongnu is an ancient nomadic nation in northern ancient China. The name of the Huns first appeared in ancient Chinese history in the late 4th century BC. The third century BC (Eastern Zhou Dynasty) Huns began to rise to the Qin and Han dynasties has become a very important political and military forces in Mongolia grasslands, its vast territory, north to Baikal Lake, south to the Gobi Desert in Mongolia, west of the Pamirs , East Liaohe River Basin. The Huns began to decline in the first century BC (Eastern Han Dynasty). In 48 AD, the Huns were divided into two parts of North and South by the sustained attack of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The South Hun attached to the Han and the North Hun were forced to move westward. The Huns empire, active in the desert north and south for about three hundred years, therefore made a curtain call. In the long history, the emergence, development and existence of the Huns have had a profound and far-reaching impact on the history of China. During the formation of the Huns Empire, the Huns absorbed and annexed many smaller clan tribes and eventually developed into a unified community containing many different nationalities or races. Therefore, the composition of the Huns is very complicated. There has been controversy over the ethnic issue of the Huns’ main ethnic group