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单克隆抗体作为生物治疗药物,日益成为人类对抗肿瘤、炎症、自身免疫性疾病等的重要手段。目前已上市的单克隆抗体药物全部是IgG型抗体或其衍生物(片段、双特异抗体、抗体偶联药物),而免疫球蛋白A(immunoglobulin A,IgA)在传统观念上被认为主要参与机体黏膜免疫,组成人体免疫系统对抗外界病原体的第一道防线。近年来,对IgA型抗体性质和功能的进一步研究显示IgA型抗体的某些性质,包括其不同于IgG型抗体的结构和体内分布、独特的ADCC效应、参与免疫系统调节和不能通过胎盘等,使其具有新型治疗性抗体的应用前景。本文主要对IgA型抗体的结构、作为新型抗体药物的应用前景及作为治疗性抗体仍存在的一些问题进行综述。
Monoclonal antibodies, as biotherapeutic drugs, are increasingly becoming an important means for humans to fight tumors, inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Monoclonal antibody drugs currently marketed are all IgG-type antibodies or their derivatives (fragments, bispecific antibodies, antibody-coupled drugs) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) is traditionally considered to be mainly involved in the body Mucosal immunity, the composition of the human body’s immune system against outside pathogens of the first line of defense. In recent years, further studies on the properties and functions of IgA-type antibodies have shown that certain properties of IgA-type antibodies include their structural and in vivo distribution different from that of IgG-type antibodies, their unique ADCC effects, their involvement in immune system regulation and inability to pass the placenta, It has a new therapeutic antibody application prospects. This article mainly reviews the structure of IgA antibody, its potential application as a novel antibody drug and some problems that still exist as therapeutic antibodies.