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本文以汉日语第一、二、三人称代词的单复数形式为考察对象,以菅本(Sugamoto,1989)提出的人称代词7条典型特征为基础,重点从指代功能和受定语修饰两个方面出发,对汉日语人称代词的语法特征进行了考察。我们发现汉语人称代词的指代类型多于日语。汉语人称代词的可别度高于日语,倾向于位于定语成分的最前端。日语第三人称代词无论是现场指示还是语境指示,其所受的制约都要强于汉语。由此我们认为汉语人称代词的指代功能高于日语。与日语相比,汉语中人称代词受修饰的现象要少得多。此外,日语还具有被指示词「この(kono)」「その(kono)」「そんな(sonna)」修饰的独特形式。由此可见,与汉语相比,日语人称代词的名词性更强,词汇化程度更高,这就是汉日语人称代词的类型学特征。
Based on the seven typical features of personal pronouns proposed by Sugamoto (1989), this dissertation takes the singular and plural forms of the first, second and third personal pronouns as the objects of investigation. , The author studies the grammatical features of personal pronouns in both Chinese and Japanese. We find that there are more types of Chinese pronouns than Japanese. The discernibility of Chinese personal pronouns is higher than that of Japanese, and tends to be at the forefront of the attributive component. Japanese third-person pronouns, both on-site instructions and contextual instructions, are subject to greater constraints than Chinese. Therefore, we think Chinese pronoun pronoun functions more than Japanese. Compared with Japanese, the personal pronouns in Chinese are much less modified. In addition, Japanese is also uniquely decorated with the inscription “こ の (kono)” “そ の (kono)” “そ nan (sonna)”. Thus, compared with Chinese, Japanese personal pronouns are more nominal and lexical, which is the typological characteristics of personal pronouns in Chinese and Japanese.