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目的分析济南市犬伤人群的流行病学特征、人用狂犬病疫苗接种情况以及狂犬病流行趋势和特点,为狂犬病防控工作提供科学依据。方法收集济南市2007-2013年狂犬病暴露门诊记录及山东省狂犬病门诊预防接种情况汇总表里的案例,对就诊病例的性别、年龄、发病时间、暴露级别、伤口处理和疫苗接种以及伤人动物类别等相关因素进行统计分析。结果 2007-2013年共有258 799例狂犬病暴露人群,暴露人数逐年递增,总暴露率为572.32/10万。狂犬病暴露中男性多于女性(1.59∶1)。动物致伤人数有明显的季节性,三季度致伤人数最多,占38.14%;一季度和四季度致伤人数较少。致伤人群以被犬致伤者最多,占66.89%。致伤部位上肢者最多,占44.32%;Ⅰ级暴露占16.48%,Ⅱ暴露占58.49%,Ⅲ级暴露占25.02%;致伤后及时规范伤口处理者占85.54%,全程规范免疫者占96.54%,但Ⅲ级暴露者中联合使用狂犬病免疫球蛋白仅占32.96%。结论加强犬、猫管理,降低动物对人的伤害;加大防治知识的宣传力度,提高群众的自我保护意识,使狂犬病暴露人群得到及时规范处理;提高犬类动物免疫率,提高狂犬病暴露人群的伤口处理率、疫苗使用率和狂犬病免疫球蛋白使用率等是狂犬病防治的关键。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dogs with canine injuries in Jinan, rabies vaccination for human and prevalence trends and characteristics of rabies to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rabies. Methods The cases of gender, age, onset of disease, exposure level, wound treatment and vaccination, as well as the types of animal injuries in Jinan City from 2007-2013 outpatient records of outbreaks of rabies and outpatient vaccination of rabies in Shandong Province were collected. And other related factors for statistical analysis. Results A total of 258 799 cases of rabies were exposed from 2007 to 2013. The number of exposures increased year by year with a total exposure rate of 572.32 / 100 000. More rabies was exposed in men than women (1.59: 1). The number of animal injuries was significantly seasonal, with the highest number of injuries in the third quarter, accounting for 38.14%; fewer were reported in the first quarter and the fourth quarter. Caused by dogs were injured most dogs, accounting for 66.89%. Injured parts of the upper limbs accounted for 44.32%; Ⅰ level exposure accounted for 16.48%, Ⅱ exposure accounted for 58.49%, Ⅲ grade exposure accounted for 25.02%; timely wound injury accounted for 85.54%, the entire normative immunity accounted for 96.54% , But the combined use of rabies immunoglobulin only accounted for 32.96% of grade Ⅲ exposed. Conclusions Strengthen the management of dogs and cats and reduce the harm of animals to human beings. Strengthen the propaganda of prevention and treatment knowledge, raise people’s awareness of self-protection, and make the rabies exposure groups receive timely and standardized treatment. Improve the immunization rate of dogs and rabies-exposed people Wound treatment, vaccination and rabies immunoglobulin use rates are the key to rabies control.