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Objective:To assess the gonadotrope cell function in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS). Methods:This study included42 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, aged26.6±5.9 years, and13 eumenorrheic controls, aged30.1±4.6 years.Gonadotropins, sex steroids, sex hormone binding globulin(SHBG), cortisol, thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), prolactin, free thyroxin, and insulin were measured.Gonadotrope cell function was assessed at baseline and at30 and 60 min after gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) injection.Results:Luteinizante hormone (LH), prolactin(PRL), total testosterone(T), androstenedione(A), and17- hidroxyprogesterone(17-OHP4) levels were higher(P<0.05) andSHBG levels was lower(P<0.05) inPCOS patients.TheLH response toGnRH stimulation was higher inPCOS patients than in controls(P<0.05).Positive correlations between progesterone(P4) andLH at baseline or the area under the curve(AUC) of LH was found only inPCOS patients.No association was found between estradiol(E2), insulin,T, andA concentrations with theLH increment in any group(P>0.05).Positive correlation between insulin and theAUC ofLH was identified in controls.Conclusion:The current study confirms the hypersecretion ofLH inPCOS patients after the newest diagnostic systematization.The gonadotrope response toGnRH stimulation inPCOS patients was associated with the baseline levels ofLH,P4, insulin.