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目前,在中国革命史教学中,许多同志都认为,由于中国封建专制制度的腐朽没落,到鸦片战争前夕,已经走到了自己的尽头,本人认为,这种观点值得进一步商榷。 历史唯物主义告诉我们,一切社会生产关系的变革,其最基本的原因是社会新的生产力的产生和发展,“随着新生产力的获得,人们改变自己的生产方式,随着生产方式即保证自己生活的方式的改变,人们也就会改变自己的一切社会关系”。以此做为依据,我们在探讨中国封建社会是否已走到尽头,它是否做为一种旧的生产关系即将开始解体时,首先必须要看中国是否已产生了新的社会生产力。从目前史学界所掌握的材料看,答案应当是否定的。尽管当时在中国一些较为发达的地区已出现了带有资本主义萌芽性质的工场手工业,但不仅在数量上极其稀少,而且还很不健全。总的来说,中国仍然是“自给自足的自然经济占主要地位,农民不但生产自
At present, many comrades in the teaching of Chinese revolutionary history think that due to the decadent decline of the feudal autocratic system in China, it has come to its end before the Opium War. I think this view merits further discussion. Historical materialism tells us that the most fundamental reason for the transformation of all social relations of production is the emergence and development of new productive forces in society. “With the gain of new productive forces, people change their own mode of production and keep themselves with the mode of production The way of life changes, people will change all their social relations. ” Based on this, when discussing whether the feudal society in China has come to an end and whether it is about to begin its disintegration as an old production relationship, we must first of all see whether China has produced new social productive forces. From the current history of material control, the answer should be negative. Although handicrafts of the factory with the sprouting of capitalism have emerged in some of the more developed regions of China at that time, they are not only scarce but also unsound in quantity. In sum, China is still "a major natural economy that is self-sustaining. Farmers not only produce