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本文在简要介绍主要抗凝和抗血小板药物的基础上,总结了抗凝和抗血小板相关颅内出血的发生率、死亡率和危险因素。主要危险因素是高龄、血压高、抗凝治疗剂量与时间和既往有脑缺血病史。联合应用抗凝和抗血小板药物及合用不同抗血小板药物可增加颅内出血发生率。维持抗凝时INR≤3.0、控制血压、避免联合应用抗凝和抗血小板药物可减少颅内出血发生率。
This article briefly describes the main anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs, based on the summary of anticoagulant and antiplatelet-related intracranial hemorrhage incidence, mortality and risk factors. The main risk factors are advanced age, high blood pressure, anticoagulant dose and time and past history of cerebral ischemia. Combined use of anticoagulant and anti-platelet drugs and combination of different anti-platelet drugs can increase the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage. To maintain anticoagulant INR ≤ 3.0, control of blood pressure, to avoid combined use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs can reduce the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage.