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目的探讨接触不同射线工种放射工作人员辐射损伤敏感指标,保障不同工种放射工作人员的健康和安全。方法对比分析不同工种放射工作人员和对照组的放射损伤指标,包括Ⅰ度慢性放射性皮肤损伤检出率、眼晶状体混浊率、双着丝粒畸变率、无着丝粒断片畸变率、染色体型畸变率、染色单体型畸变率、染色体总畸变率、微核率以及微核异常率,并探讨其与各比较组的累积剂量的关系。结果不同工种间Ⅰ度慢性放射性皮肤损伤检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.456,P<0.01)。各工种放射组的Ⅰ度慢性放射性皮肤损伤检出率和微核率分别与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=7.467,4.153,12.809,6.882,P<0.01)。不同工种间晶状体混浊率差异无统计学意义(χ2=7.786,P>0.05),但工业同位素应用组晶状体混浊率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.111,P<0.01)。不同工种间的微核率、ace畸变率、染色体型畸变率和染色体畸变总率差异均有统计学意义(χ2=19.871,12.345,14.706,19.510,P<0.01)。烟厂卷接工放射组与对照组的无着丝粒断片(acentric fragment,ace)畸变率、染色体型畸变率和染色体畸变总率差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.988,7.820,8.547,P<0.05)。不同工种放射人员微核率与累积剂量呈线性相关(F=38.445,P<0.01)。结论小剂量辐射损伤在不同工种中存在不同程度的差异,可针对不同工种的放射工作人员制定不同的辐射损伤敏感指标的检测周期,减少电离辐射累积效应的发生。
Objective To explore the sensitive indices of radiation workers exposed to different radiations to ensure the health and safety of radiographers in different occupations. Methods The radiological injury indexes of radiographers and control group were compared and analyzed including Ⅰ degree chronic radioactive skin lesion detection rate, ophthalmic lens opacity rate, dicentric rate, centromeric fragment aberration rate, chromosome aberration Rate, haplotype aberration rate, total chromosome aberration rate, micronucleus rate and micronucleus abnormal rate, and to explore its relationship with the cumulative dose of each comparison group. Results There was a significant difference in the detection rate of Ⅰ-degree chronic radiation-induced skin lesions among different types of trades (χ2 = 14.456, P <0.01). The detection rate of Ⅰ degree chronic radioactive skin lesions and micronucleus rate in each type of radiotherapy group were significantly different from those in control group (χ2 = 7.467, 4.153, 0.809, 6.882, P <0.01). There was no significant difference in opacity of lens between different types of work (χ2 = 7.786, P> 0.05), but the opacity of lens in industrial isotope application group was higher than that of control group (χ2 = 7.111, P <0.01). The differences of micronucleus rate, ace aberration rate, chromosome aberration rate and chromosome aberration rate among different types of work were statistically significant (χ2 = 19.871,12.345,14.706,19.510, P <0.01). There were significant differences in acentric fragment (ace) aberration rate, chromosome aberration rate and total chromosomal aberration between the cigarette group and the control group (χ2 = 4.988, 7.820, 8.547, P <0.05). There was a linear correlation between micronucleus rate and cumulative dose of radiation workers (F = 38.445, P <0.01). Conclusions There are different degrees of radiation damage among different types of workers in different doses. Radiation workers in different types of work can make different detection cycles for sensitive indices of radiation injury and reduce the cumulative effect of ionizing radiation.