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板栗在我国虽栽培历史悠久,但因过去为实生繁殖,大冠稀植,管理粗放,结果晚、产量低。一般七、八年才见果,十五、六年进入盛果期,亩产为几十斤,风调雨顺的年份也只有百斤左右。近年来,通过综合丰产技术措施的应用,各地涌现出不少丰产典型(见本期“山东板栗丰产实例”一文——编者注)。这些典型实例的丰产因素虽有不同,但其主要因素之一都明显地增加了雌花数量,例如:1961～1965年间曾在泰安县裴家峪进行的实生丰产试验园(亩产142斤),雌花数仅为2260个;而小柱大队的丰产园则有30,000多个;周庄大队的丰产园为39,000个;姜格庄大队的3年生栗园为6,100个,4年生的为19,846个,可见雌花之多。通过多年的生产实践和科学实验认识到,只要看准时机,采用恰当的技术措施,是可以促进雌花分化、增加雌花数量的。我们主要采用了下列几项措施:
Although chestnut cultivation in our country has a long history, but in the past for real-life breeding, crown thinning, extensive management, the results of late, low yield. Generally seven or eight years to see fruit, fifteen, six years into the flourishing period, per mu for a few jin, good weather only about hundred jin years. In recent years, through the application of comprehensive high-yielding technical measures, a lot of typical examples of high yield have emerged in various places (see the “Example of High Yield Shandong Chestnut” in this issue). Although the major productive factors of these typical examples are different, one of the main factors is the increase of female flowers. For example, the yield test plant (142 pounds per mu) which was carried out in Pei Jiayu, Tai’an County from 1961 to 1965, the number of female flowers Only 2260; and the small column brigade has more than 30,000 high yield garden; Zhouzhuang brigade’s rich garden is 39,000; ginger grid brigade 3 years chestnut garden is 6,100, 4-year-old is 19,846, showing the female flower many. Through many years of production practice and scientific experiments, we can see that by adopting the proper technical measures, we can promote the differentiation of female flowers and increase the number of female flowers. We mainly use the following measures: