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作为最基本的农业自然资源,牧草在草地畜牧业、生态环境保存和农业可持续发展方面具有重要作用。本文简述了热带亚热带草种质资源在华南地区的调查收集、保存鉴定及繁育保存的方法。自20世纪40年代以来,中国热带农业科学院热带牧草研究中心一直致力于热带亚热带草种质资源的收集、保存和利用。目前已建成完整的热带牧草种质资源保存利用体系,包括低温保存种子库、离体保存库及无性繁殖材料田间保存圃,已收集保存华南地区12科161属435种5 190份野生牧草种质资源,引进保存豆科和禾本科2科42属87种1042份外来牧草种质资源。其中低温种子库保存6科96属207种2 870份,离体保存3科6属6种482份,无性繁殖材料田间保存3科8属10种341份。
As the most basic agricultural natural resources, pasture plays an important role in grassland husbandry, ecological environment preservation and agricultural sustainable development. This article briefly describes the methods of collecting, identifying, preserving and breeding tropical and subtropical germplasm resources in southern China. Since the 1940s, the Tropical Pasture Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences has been dedicated to the collection, conservation and utilization of tropical and subtropical germplasm resources. At present, a complete conservation and utilization system of tropical forage germplasm resources has been established, including cryogenic preservation seed banks, ex-situ conservation bins and clonal nurseries of vegetative propagation materials. A total of 4319 species of 5 190 wild forage germs Resources, the introduction of preserved leguminous and gramineae 42 families 87 kinds of 1042 foreign forage germplasm resources. Among them, 2 870 species belonging to 207 genera and 96 genera in 6 families were conserved in the low-temperature seed bank, 482 species and 6 species were conserved in 3 families, 6 genera and 3 341 genera, 8 genera and 10 species in the field.