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本文用１万多个小麦品种（系）为试材，分析了１２个形态性状的变异范围及各变异的频数分布，并简单介绍了各性状的基因定位情况，结果表明：①１１种芒色中，拟黄芒品种占６９％，３个黑芒基因已定位，９４％的品种芒色与颖色一致；②无芒品种仅占２．８％，已知５个芒型基因；③主频颖色为拟黄颖（占６６％），已定位４个颖色基因；④无颖毛品种占９０．５％，毛颖基因Ｈｇ为显性；⑤６５．８％的品种为红粒，粒色基因可能有３个位点，３个红粒基因有加性效应，１个蓝粒基因已定位；⑥已定位２０个降秆基因，倒伏与秆质相关问题应予重视；⑦黄秆品种占７１．８％，紫秆基因Ｐｃ位于７ＢＳ上；⑧８１％的品种表现抗落粒性，估计可能有一抑紧颖基因ＴｇＩ；⑨穗型穗码基因尚未知；①０有叶毛品种仅占０．６％，毛叶基因Ｈ１位于４ＢＬ上。
In this paper, more than 10,000 wheat cultivars (lines) were used as materials to analyze the variation range and the frequency distribution of each variation of 12 morphological traits. The gene localization of each trait was briefly introduced. The results showed that: (1) , Pinus sylvestris var. Mairei accounted for 69%, 3 mahogany genes were located, 94% of them were the same color and brown color; ② only 2.8% Yingxue is pseudo-Huang Ying (66%), and 4 Ying-Ying genes are located. ④ There are 90.5% non-Ying hair species and Mao Ying gene Hg is dominant. ⑤ 65.8% There are three loci in the chromosomal loci, three red loci have additive effects and one blue locus has been mapped. ⑥ 20 stalks have been mapped, Accounting for 71.8%; purple stalk gene Pc is located on 7BS; 81% of varieties show anti-droplet activity, it is estimated that there may be a suppressor gene TgI; ⑨ spike code is unknown; .6%, hairy leaf gene 1 positioned on 4BL.