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化学肥料的施用是提高农业生产率的重要农业化学手段,氮肥供应是农业生产中心问题之一。普里亚尼施尼柯夫院士曾预见性指出:“氮是长时期能保证农作物获得高产的基本条件。”农业生产中氮素平衡与农业生产发展,存在极为密切的关系。根据联合国粮农组织统计,1980年世界化肥消费量约1亿4千万吨(纯养分),其中氮占总量的41％。目前世界农地平均每公顷施氮已达54斤。 众所周知,化学氮肥施入土壤后,被农作物吸收的只是其中的一部分。研究氮肥的利用率及氮素损失途径,是世界农化工作者所面临最重要的课题之一。
The application of chemical fertilizers is an important agrochemical method to increase agricultural productivity. Nitrogen supply is one of the problems in agricultural production centers. Priyani Schnaugov foresightedly pointed out: “Nitrogen is the basic condition for ensuring long-term crop yields are high.” There is a close relationship between the nitrogen balance and the development of agricultural production in agricultural production. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, the world’s fertilizer consumption in 1980 was about 140 million tons (pure nutrients), of which nitrogen accounted for 41% of the total. At present, the average amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied per hectare in the world has reached 54 kg. It is known to all that chemical nitrogenous fertilizer is only a part of it absorbed by crops. Studying the utilization of nitrogenous fertilizer and the way of nitrogen loss is one of the most important topics facing the agrochemical workers in the world.