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在野外活动，诸如地质考察、登山、徒步旅行、探险、旅游等，为防止迷路，正确判定所在位置和方向，必须掌握定位和测向方法。绝大多数人不具备辨别方向的本能，因此野外确定方向主要依靠经验和工具。利用罗盘(指北针)把罗盘或指北针水平放置使气泡居中，磁针静止后，其标有“N”的黑色一端所指的便是北方。使用罗盘要注意尽量保持水平；不要离磁性物质太近；勿将磁针的S端误作北方，造成180度的方向误差；掌握活动地区的磁偏角进行校正。
In field activities such as geological surveys, mountaineering, hiking, adventure, and tourism, in order to prevent getting lost and correctly determine the location and direction, it is necessary to master the methods of positioning and direction finding. Most people do not have the instinct to distinguish directions, so the field determines the direction of relying mainly on experience and tools. Use a compass (pointer) to position the compass or compass horizontally to center the bubble. When the needle is at rest, the black end marked “N” refers to the north. When using a compass, be careful to maintain the level; do not get too close to the magnetic material; do not mistake the S tip of the needle for the north, causing a 180-degree direction error; correct the magnetic declination in the active area.