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目的分析2004-2013年开县流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情的流行病学特征,为制定有效的防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对重庆市开县2004-2013年流行性腮腺炎暴发事件及关联病例进行分析。结果 2004-2013年开县流行性腮腺炎年均发病率为47.92%,暴发疫情共41起,占传染病暴发疫情总数的26.97%;暴发病例共1 173例,占病例总数的19.35%。疫情在2004-2013年期间呈明显的周期性暴发,间隔2年暴发2年。罹患率春季高于秋季,农村高于城区,但暴发地区有从农村向城区转移的趋势,幼儿园和小学高于中学;事件持续时间城区明显高于农村,而春秋季无差异。结论开县流行性腮腺炎暴发存在明显的地区、季节差异,加强重点人群的监测防治工作和接种流行性腮腺炎疫苗是减少暴发的关键。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks of mumps in Kaixian County from 2004 to 2013 and provide scientific evidence for effective prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the outbreaks and related cases of mumps from 2004 to 2013 in Kaixian County, Chongqing City. Results The average annual incidence of mumps in Kaixian County from 2004 to 2013 was 47.92%. There were 41 outbreaks, accounting for 26.97% of the total outbreaks of infectious diseases. A total of 1 173 outbreaks were reported, accounting for 19.35% of the total cases. The outbreak showed a clear cyclical outbreak in 2004-2013, with an outbreak of 2 years after 2 years. The prevalence rate in spring was higher than that in autumn, while that in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas. However, the outbreak areas tended to shift from rural areas to urban areas. Kindergartens and primary schools were higher than those in secondary schools. The duration of events was significantly higher in urban areas than in rural areas, but no difference in spring and autumn. Conclusions There are obvious regional and seasonal differences in outbreaks of mumps in Kaixian County. It is the key to reduce the outbreak that the prevention and control of key populations and the vaccination of mumps vaccine should be strengthened.