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本文报道了由七种长链季铵盐制得的高氯酸根离子选择电极,测定了这些电极的Nernst响应范围和检测下限,并研究了各种阴离子的干扰。通过大量实验测得,随着季铵盐分子中取代烷基碳链的增长,电极电势响应范围增宽、检测下限降低、抗外部阴离子干扰能力增强。若取代烷基碳链过长,则季铵盐纯化困难,在膜相中溶解度降低,不适于电极的研制。根据用上述七种选择电极在相同水相条件下测得的数据表明,阴离子的干扰次序为:PA~->ClO_4~->BF_4~->SCN~->I~->ClO_3~->N_3~->N_3~->CN~-～Br~->H_2PO_4~->F~->Cl~-。这些数据对阴离子选择电极研制与相转移催化反应研究均有现实意义。
In this paper, perchlorate ion selective electrodes made from seven kinds of long chain quaternary ammonium salts were reported. The Nernst response and detection limit of these electrodes were measured. The interferences of various anions were also studied. Through a large number of experiments, with the increase of substituted alkyl carbon chains in quaternary ammonium salt molecules, the range of electrode potential response broadened, the detection limit decreased and the ability of resistance to external anion interference enhanced. If the substituted alkyl carbon chain is too long, the quaternary ammonium salt is difficult to purify, and the solubility in the membrane phase is reduced, which is not suitable for the research of the electrode. According to the data measured under the same aqueous conditions with the above seven selective electrodes, the interference order of anions is: PA ~ -> ClO_4 ~ -> BF_4 ~ -> SCN ~ -> I ~ -> ClO_3 ~ -> N_3 ~ -> N_3 ~ -> CN ~ - ~ Br ~ -> H_2PO_4 ~ -> F ~ -> Cl ~ -. These data have practical significance for the research of anion selective electrode and phase transfer catalysis.