论文部分内容阅读
我们应如何从理论上认识在没有出现危机、震荡或大变革的情况下而发生的重大制度和政策变迁?本文以23个西方国家的烟草政策为例来突出强调通向范式变革的阶段性转变这一概念。它在超越了非此即彼的二元区分时认识到根本政策变迁的重要性,二元区分也就是在某个时间点上,整个世界被全新的政治世界所替代。本文运用多种测量方法去确认由时间变化所引起的政策变化的强度与速度,并对现有文献从理论上认识这些结果的方式展开思考。对实践工作者的启示重要的政策转变并不一定只与危机或重大事件相关,而是一系列步骤与阶段的发展结果。在此过程中,一系列的关键要素发生改变,这些变化彼此强化从而形成变革动力。烟草控制的案例就凸显出了在30年里政策持续变化的潜力。
How can we theoretically understand the major institutional and policy changes that have taken place without any crisis, shock or major change? This article takes the tobacco policy of 23 western countries as an example to highlight the phased change to paradigm change This concept. It recognizes the importance of fundamental policy changes when it goes beyond the non-imperative dichotomy, that is, at a certain point in time, the entire world is replaced by a completely new political world. In this paper, we use various measurement methods to confirm the strength and speed of the policy changes caused by the change of time, and think about the ways in which existing literatures know the results theoretically. Implications for Practicing Workers Important policy shifts are not necessarily related to crises or major events but to the outcome of a series of steps and phases. In the process, a series of key elements change, and these changes reinforce each other to create a driving force for change. The case of tobacco control underscores the potential for continued policy change over the 30 years.