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目的识别、分析天然气蒸汽联合循环热电工程的职业病危害因素,确定职业病危害程度,提出防治对策,以保护劳动者职业健康。方法采用现场卫生学调查的方法调查分析企业基本情况、生产工艺、职业病危害因素及职业病危害防护措施;采用工作场所职业病危害因素测定法检测工作场所职业病危害因素的浓度或强度;采用工作场所职业危害分级方法进行工作场所职业病危害分级。结果天然气蒸汽联合循环热电工程存在的主要职业病危害因素为噪声、高温、热辐射、工频超高压电场、CO、CO2、NO、NO2、硫化氢、盐酸、氢氧化钠、氨、联氨、硫酸等;工程采用的生产工艺先进,工人作业方式主要为巡检;职业病危害防护设施设置基本合理;检测结果表明检测的31个噪声作业点中有5个点超标,超标率为16%,循环水泵旁噪声最高为94.4 dB(A);个体噪声及化学毒物检测结果全部符合国家职业卫生标准,运行岗位高温危害分级为Ⅱ级。结论职业病危害关键控制点为噪声和高温。氨、联氨、盐酸、氢氧化钠、硫酸等化学有害因素应加强管理。企业应按照《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》及相关法规、标准要求加强职业病防治工作。
Objective To identify and analyze the occupational hazards of gas-steam combined cycle thermoelectricity project, determine the degree of occupational hazards, and propose prevention and control measures to protect the occupational health of laborers. Methods The method of on-site hygiene investigation was used to investigate and analyze the basic situation of the enterprise, the production process, occupational hazards and protective measures against occupational hazards. The concentration or intensity of occupational hazards in the workplace was determined by occupational hazards testing in the workplace. Occupational hazards Hierarchical approach to workplace occupational hazards classification. Results The main occupational hazards that exist in natural gas steam combined cycle thermoelectricity project are noise, high temperature, heat radiation, power frequency ultrahigh voltage electric field, CO, CO2, NO, NO2, H2S, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, ammonia, hydrazine, Etc. The workmanship adopted by the project is advanced and the working methods of the workers are mainly for inspection. The protective equipment for occupational hazards is basically reasonable. The test results show that 5 out of 31 noise operation points detected exceed the standard, the exceeding standard rate is 16% While the highest noise level is 94.4 dB (A). All the individual noise and chemical poison detection results are in compliance with the national occupational health standards. The high-temperature operation hazards are classified as Grade Ⅱ. Conclusion The key control points of occupational hazards are noise and high temperature. Ammonia, hydrazine, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid and other chemical hazards should be strengthened management. Enterprises should be in accordance with “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases” and relevant laws and regulations, standards and requirements to strengthen occupational disease prevention and control work.