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一、战略和措施印度独立以后,经济上面临的首要任务是恢复国民经济,发展农业生产。为此,从1947年至1951年开展了“粮食增产运动”和“统一增产计划”。从1951年4月执行第一个五年计划起,开始了有计划地发展农业的时期,其主要目标有两个:一是增加农业生产,实现粮食自给,满足工业和出口的需要;二是加强和巩固资产阶级在农村的阵地,发展农业资本主义。印度政府为了实现这两个目标,制定了一套完整的政策和措施,通称印度农业的发展战略。由于印度历届政府在如何实现这两个目标上有不同的指导思想,因此提出的政策措施的侧重点有所不同,在大的方面大致可以60年代中期为界,分为前后两个时期。前期从1947年
I. Strategies and Measures Since the independence of India, the primary economic task facing us is to restore the national economy and develop agricultural production. To this end, from 1947 to 1951 launched the “grain production campaign” and “unified production increase plan.” Starting from the first Five-Year Plan in April 1951, the planned period of agricultural development started with two main objectives: to increase agricultural production, to achieve self-sufficiency in food and to satisfy industrial and export needs; and second, We must strengthen and consolidate the position of the bourgeoisie in the countryside and develop agricultural capitalism. In order to achieve these two goals, the Indian government has put in place a complete set of policies and measures, commonly known as Indian agriculture’s development strategy. As the successive Indian governments have different guiding principles on how to achieve these two goals, the policy measures put forward have different emphases, and can generally be broadly divided into the two periods in the mid-1960s. Pre-date from 1947