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目的分析淮安市2014年4例人感染H7N9禽流感病例流行病学特征,为合理防治提供流行病学依据。方法对确诊病例进行流行病学调查,密切接触者开展医学观察,使用RT-PCR法对标本进行检测。结果 4例病例平均年龄56.8岁,无地区或家庭聚集性,均已治愈;主要表现为流感样症状,CT检查有不同程度的肺部感染;发病到使用奥司他韦、发病到确诊、确诊到治愈的平均时间分别为5 d、11 d、15.5 d;3例病例发病前直接或间接接触过活禽,28例密切接触者未出现异常症状;活禽市场环境标本中检出H7N9禽流感病毒。结论中老年人为人感染H7N9禽流感病例的易感人群,发病与禽类暴露关系密切,及时诊断和使用特效药可有效降低病死率。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of four human cases of H7N9 avian influenza in Huai’an City in 2014 and provide epidemiological evidence for rational prevention and treatment. Methods Epidemiological investigation of confirmed cases, close contact with the medical observation, the use of RT-PCR specimens were detected. Results The average age of the 4 cases was 56.8 years old. There was no regional or family clustering. All cases were cured. The main symptoms were flu-like symptoms and CT examination with varying degrees of pulmonary infection. Occurrence to oseltamivir was confirmed with definite diagnosis and diagnosis The average time to cure was 5 d, 11 d and 15.5 d, respectively. The live cases were directly or indirectly exposed before the onset of the disease in 3 cases and the abnormal symptoms were not found in 28 cases of close contacts. The H7N9 bird flu was detected in the live poultry market samples virus. Conclusion Middle-aged and elderly people are susceptible to H7N9 avian influenza. The incidence of avian influenza is closely related to avian influenza exposure, and the timely diagnosis and use of effective drugs can effectively reduce the case fatality rate.