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水资源是人类社会赖以生存的不可替代的物质基础。然而随着社会生产的迅速发展和社会人口的不断增长,人类正面临着水资源的严重匮缺。工业、农业的飞速发展和人们生活水准不断提高不仅在水资源的需求数量上高倍数增加,而且对水质亦有新的要求。但是,正是由于生产的发展和生活水平的提高,带来了固体、液体和气体的废物量越来越大,造成地面及地下水的污染越来越严重,对生产建设和人体健康产生极大影响。近年来,虽然地面水水质迅速恶化的势头有所收敛,污染严重水域的治理在部分地区已初见成效;然而,与地面水相比较,地下水水质恶化正在迅速加剧。地下水一旦被污染,具有很难或无法挽救的特点。因此,加强污染源管理,保护地下水环境具有重大的环境、社会和经济意义。
Water resources are irreplaceable material bases on which human society depends. However, with the rapid development of social production and the growing social population, mankind is facing a serious shortage of water resources. The rapid development of industry and agriculture as well as the continuous improvement of people’s living standards not only have high multiples of the demand for water resources, but also have new demands on water quality. However, it is precisely because of the development of production and the improvement of living standard that the amount of solid, liquid and gas wastes is getting larger and larger, causing the pollution of ground and groundwater more and more serious, having a great impact on production and construction and human health influences. In recent years, although the trend of rapid deterioration of surface water quality has been converging, the treatment of heavily polluted water areas has achieved initial success in some areas. However, the deterioration of groundwater quality is rapidly aggravating compared with that of surface water. Once contaminated, groundwater is difficult or impossible to save. Therefore, it is of great environmental, social and economic significance to strengthen the management of pollution sources and protect the groundwater environment.