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页岩气开发尚处于起步阶段,具有初期投入高、产出周期长、投资回收慢的特点,页岩气开发公司在开采技术、生产规模和管理决策等方面面临重大挑战。运用BBC模型和DEA-Malmquist指数法,对2007~2011年美国以页岩气开采为主要业务的19家上市公司的生产效率进行分析,研究结果表明:美国页岩气公司技术效率呈现上升趋势,而纯技术效率是技术效率增长的主要贡献因素,规模效率出现一定波动,对技术效率产生了一定影响;不同规模的页岩气公司技术效率存在差异,公司规模越大,技术效率越高;样本期间内全要素生产率出现负增长,公司业绩的提升主要依靠粗放型的规模扩张来实现,而非通过集约型的生产率提升来实现,纯技术效率每年呈现不同程度的提高,规模效率呈现上升态势,只有技术进步值偏低,影响了全要素生产率的进一步提高,因此必须大力推进技术创新,提高技术进步对全要素生产率的贡献率。我国页岩气产业的发展应提倡规模经济,鼓励公司通过内部扩张和外部重组获取规模经济,同时要注重进一步提升管理水平,最重要的是提高企业技术创新能力。
Shale gas development is still in its infancy, with characteristics of high initial investment, long output cycle and slow recovery of investment. Shale gas development companies face major challenges in terms of mining technology, production scale and management decision-making. Using the BBC model and the DEA-Malmquist index method, the author analyzes the production efficiency of 19 listed companies whose shale gas exploitation is the main business in the United States from 2007 to 2011. The results show that the technical efficiency of shale gas companies in the United States shows an upward trend, The pure technical efficiency is the main contributor to the increase of technical efficiency. The scale efficiency fluctuates to a certain extent, which has an impact on the technical efficiency. The technological efficiency of shale gas companies with different scales is different. The larger the company size, the higher the technical efficiency. During the period of total factor productivity negative growth, the company’s performance improvement mainly rely on extensive scale expansion to achieve, rather than through intensive productivity growth to achieve pure technical efficiency show varying degrees of improvement each year, the scale efficiency showed an upward trend, only the The low value of technological progress has affected the further increase of total factor productivity. Therefore, we must vigorously promote technological innovation and increase the contribution rate of technological progress to total factor productivity. The development of shale gas industry in our country should promote economies of scale, encourage companies to gain economies of scale through internal expansion and external restructuring, and at the same time pay attention to further improving their management level. The most important thing is to improve the technological innovation capability of enterprises.