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妊娠中期三个月的羊膜腔穿刺术的程序已经标准化,可随时用来检查35岁以上高龄孕妇和有可能分娩遗传病儿危险的高危孕妇,以诊断胎儿有无某些先天缺陷.估计,1978年美国适龄孕妇中只有5～6%接受过羊膜腔穿刺术检查.尽管进行多种宣传羊膜腔穿刺术,多数妇女还是听信妇产科医生的告诫.医生不提出劝告和作这种医疗安排,即使适合羊膜腔穿刺术的妇女也没有机会,因此,产科医生是影响利用羊膜腔穿刺术决定性因素.1974年Etzioni发现40%产科医生出于反对流产、担心危险和顾虑费用而从不为孕妇安排羊膜腔穿刺术.1980年Lippman-Hand在蒙特利尔的调查证实有
Procedures for amniocentesis during the third trimester of pregnancy have been standardized and are readily available to examine pregnant women over the age of 35 and high-risk pregnant women at risk of having a child with a genetic disorder to diagnose a fetus with certain birth defects. Only 5 to 6% of US-eligible pregnant women underwent amniocentesis in the United States in 1992. Despite the many publications of amniocentesis, most women were advised by obstetricians and gynecologists that physicians did not advise and make such medical arrangements, Even women eligible for amniocentesis have no chance of obstetricians influencing the use of amniocentesis. In 1974, Etzioni found that 40% of obstetricians never arrange for pregnant women for fear of miscarriage, fear of danger and cost of care Amniocentesis. A Lippman-Hand survey in Montreal in 1980 confirmed