论文部分内容阅读
机器部件、构件和微电子元件的力学破坏,对人们的安全、可靠和生产有很不利的影响.防止这些破坏是固体力学的主要焦点,即通过分析、实验和计算来改进设计、制造和检验,以提供减少破坏所必要的根据.实验力学在这里起了关键作用,因为它提供了计算用的基本数据和检验所提出破坏理论模型的手段.实验力学当前的趋向表明,人们愈来愈多地采用光学方法来监测表面的位移、速度和应变.对于有害环境以及动态加载的物体来说,由于非接触方法的吸引力,上述趋向得以发展.激光技术的进展使这些方法便于实现.另一个趋向是由于采用了有计算机接口的伺服控制试验机而可以对更复杂载荷条件下的材料性能加以研究.还有另一个趋向是因为缺陷在破坏机理中很重要,人们加强了对缺陷如夹杂、裂纹、空洞等的注意.看来实验力学对未来作出贡献的机会是很大的,并且涉及范围广大的技术问题.未来研究的中心问题,看来是加强对微米尺度和小于微米尺度的测量,以进一步了解细观力学层次的材料的响应和破坏.对缺陷、变形和残余应力的内部测量也将给以更多注意,因为它们对于加深对破坏的基本了解是重要的.自动化的数据处理和实验控制,将大大增加实验所得的信息及其对建立数学模型的用途.另外一些重要的研究方向,包括改进在现场测量岩石应力的方?
The mechanical destruction of machine components, components and microelectronic components can have a detrimental effect on people’s safety, reliability and production. Preventing these damages is the main focus of solid mechanics, ie improving the design, manufacture and testing through analysis, experimentation and calculation In order to provide the necessary ground to reduce the damage.Experimental mechanics played a key role here because it provided the basic data for calculation and the means to test the proposed theoretical model of damage.The current trend in experimental mechanics shows that more and more people Optical methods are used to monitor surface displacements, velocities and strains. The above trends have been developed for detrimental environments and dynamically loaded objects because of the attractiveness of non-contact methods. Advances in laser technology have made these methods easy to implement. Another The trend is that due to the use of a servo controlled test machine with a computer interface it is possible to study material properties under more complex loading conditions.Another trend is that because defects are important in the failure mechanism, Cracks, voids, etc. It seems that the chance of experimental mechanics contributing to the future is great , And involves a wide range of technical issues.Central issues of future research appear to be to strengthen the measurements on the micron scale and on the sub-micron scale to further understand the response and destruction of mesomechanical levels of materials.For defects, deformation and residual stress The internal measurements will also give more attention because they are important for deepening the basic understanding of damage.Automatic data processing and experimental control will greatly increase the experimental information and its use in establishing mathematical models. Important research directions include improving on-site measurements of rock stress?