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目的探讨沈阳市产妇孕期有机磷农药(OPs)暴露水平及相关影响因素,为今后采取健康干预措施提供依据。方法采用现况调查方法,以2011年3月—2012年3月于沈阳医学院附属中心医院分娩的健康产妇为研究对象,调查其孕期OPs接触情况,收集产妇孕期尿样,采用气相色谱法测定体内有机磷农药5种非特异性代谢产物二烷基磷酸酯类化合物(DAPs)的浓度。结果 249名产妇尿液中5种代谢产物检出率分别为:磷酸二甲酯(DMP)95.6%、二甲基硫代磷酸酯(DMTP)93.6%、磷酸二乙酯(DEP)95.6%、二乙基硫代磷酸酯(DETP)88.8%、二乙基二硫代磷酸酯(DEDTP)6.8%;其几何均数分别为:DMP 13.78μg/L、DMTP 6.50μg/L、DEP 5.56μg/L、DETP 4.00μg/L、DEDTP来计算;单因素分析比较不同特征产妇尿中OPs代谢产物,≥30岁产妇体内二甲基类代谢产物(DMs)浓度水平高于<30岁组(P<0.05);家庭内从不使用杀虫剂的产妇体内DMs和DAPs水平均低于偶尔和经常使用杀虫剂的产妇(P<0.05)。多元逐步线性回归分析表明,居住在郊区、年龄越大、家庭杀虫剂使用频率越高的产妇体内DAPs水平越高(P<0.05)。结论沈阳地区产妇孕期OPs暴露水平较高,且其体内OPs代谢产物水平可能与产妇年龄、居住地和孕期家庭室内杀虫剂使用频率等因素相关。
Objective To investigate the exposure levels and related risk factors of maternal OPs during pregnancy in Shenyang and to provide basis for future health interventions. Methods Based on the investigation of current situation, the healthy pregnant women delivered from March 2011 to March 2012 in the Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College were investigated. The OPs exposure during pregnancy was investigated. Urine samples from pregnant women during pregnancy were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography Concentrations of five nonspecific metabolites, dialkylphosphates (DAPs), of organophosphorus pesticides in vivo. Results The detection rates of five metabolites in urine of 249 maternal were 95.6% of dimethyl phosphate (DMP), 93.6% of DMTP, 95.6% of DEP, 88.8% of diethyl phosphorothioate (DETP) and 6.8% of diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP). The geometric mean of DMP was 13.78μg / L, DMTP was 6.50μg / L, DEP was 5.56μg / L, DETP 4.00μg / L and DEDTP. The levels of DMs in the urine of women with ≥30 years old were higher than those of <30 years old (P < 0.05). The levels of DMs and DAPs in the mothers who never used pesticides in their families were lower than those who used infrequently and often with pesticides (P <0.05). Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the higher the level of DAPs was (P <0.05), the higher the frequency of family insecticides was. Conclusion The level of OPs exposure during pregnancy in Shenyang is high, and the level of OPs metabolites in pregnant women may be related to maternal age, frequency of use of insecticides in residence and during pregnancy.