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换向机构失效是引起水力活塞泵井下故障的主要原因。通过对SHB系列水力泵换向机构进行动力学特性、摩擦学特性及结构工艺性分析，初步探讨了换向机构失效机理和导致失效的主要因素，提出了有较高抗干扰能力，能延长井下泵连续运转周期的换向机构的结构优化方案，开发出三种无阀心对称式、非对称式新型水力活塞泵换向机构。试验表明，新型换向机构在水基动力液条件下平均连续工作周期是现有SHB系列换向机构的3倍，自启动能力达到100％。
The failure of the reversing mechanism is the main reason for the downhole failure of the hydraulic piston pump. By analyzing the dynamic characteristics, tribological properties and structural technology of the SHB series hydraulic pump reversing mechanism, the failure mechanism of the reversing mechanism and the main factors leading to the failure are preliminarily discussed, and the high anti-interference ability is proposed to prolong the downhole Pump continuous operation of the cycle of the structural optimization of the program to develop three non-valve-core symmetrical, asymmetric new hydraulic piston pump reversing mechanism. Test results show that the new reversing mechanism has an average continuous duty cycle of 3 times that of the existing SHB series reversing mechanism under the condition of water-based dynamic fluid, and the self-starting capability reaches 100%.