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海南岛地处热带,高温多雨,长夏无冬,对于岩石的风化,甚为有利,因此岛上广泛发育有厚层的红色风化壳。风化壳是指某一地质时期,地壳岩石遭受风化作用仍残留覆盖在原地母岩之上的产物。研究风化壳的形成和发育,不仅有助于阐明区域的古地理问题,而且对于工农业生产,如水土保持、道路工程和砂矿来源等问题的解决,也有十分重要的意义。实际上,风化壳就是土壤形成的母质,也是土壤形成过程中的重要环节。海南岛的红色风化壳,主要由花岗岩和玄武岩风化而成,风化层厚,分布广泛。由其他母岩形成的风化壳,其厚度则较小,而且分布零散,研究价值和实用意义远不如前者大。本文只论述由母岩花岗岩和玄武岩风化而成的残积红色风化壳。
Hainan Island is located in the tropical, hot and rainy, long summer no winter, for the weathering of the rock is very favorable, so the island is widely developed thick red weathering crust. Weathering crust is the product of a certain geologic period in which the crustal rocks are still weathering on the original parent rock. The study of the formation and development of weathering crust not only helps to clarify the paleogeographic problems in the region, but also has great significance for the solution of industrial and agricultural production such as soil and water conservation, road engineering and source of sand. In fact, the weathered crust is the parent material formed by the soil and is also an important part of the soil formation process. The red weathering crust of Hainan Island is mainly formed by the weathering of granite and basalt. The weathering layer is thick and widely distributed. The weathering crusts formed by other parent rocks are smaller in thickness and scattered in distribution. The research value and practical significance are far less than the former ones. This article deals only with the reddish weathered crusts weathered from parent granite and basalts.