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对象与方法：在沂蒙山区对４个乡镇的散居高龄老人１２１人进行营养调查（男５５，女６６），年龄最高男９６岁，女９２岁；最低男女均为８０岁。以称重法与五日询问回忆法相结合，进行四季动态的膳食调查。结果：其膳食构成以谷类（占总重量６１％～７１％）及蔬菜（１２％～１６％）为主，配有少量豆类（１．８％～４．６％）与动物性食品（６．２％～１２．０％）。按中国营养学会８０岁以上老人ＲＤＡ计算，四季能量摄入男性达到ＲＤＡ的８１％～９１％，女性达到７５％～８４％，蛋白质男性仅达到６７％～７５％，女性５５％～６７％，动物和豆类蛋白质来源不足，低于蛋白质总量的３０％～５０％。钙摄入量只有ＲＤＡ的２０％左右，锌、硒、维生素Ａ、Ｂ１、Ｂ２、Ｃ均明显不足。三大营养素所占能量比例合理，脂肪来源以植物油为主，符合老年人营养要求。营养缺乏病检查发现有维生素不足症状，如皮肤干燥鳞皮占４．１％，口角湿白厚２８．９％，舌腥红２２．３％，味蕾肥大８１．０％，膝反射消失１２．４％等。临界高血压患病率为１６．１％，高血压患病率１４．３％。生化检查：血红蛋白检测１１４人，低于１２０ｇ／Ｌ者１６．７％；血糖检测１１６人，高于正常的占６．９％，低于正常的占４７?
PARTICULARS AND METHODS: Nutritional survey (male 55, female 66) was conducted on 121 elderly people living in 4 townships in Yimeng Mountain. The oldest male was 96 years old and female was 92 years old. The lowest male and female were 80 years old. Weighing method and the fifth day of recall method combined to carry out four seasons dynamic dietary survey. Results: The diet consisted mainly of cereals (61% -71%) and vegetables (12% -16%) with a small amount of legumes (1.8% -4.6%) and animal foods 6.2% ~ 12.0%). According to the Chinese Nutrition Society RDA for the elderly over the age of 80, the energy intake of four seasons reached 81% to 91% of RDA, 75% to 84% of women, 67% to 75% of protein males and 55% to 67% of females, Animals and beans lack of protein, less than 30% to 50% of the total protein. Calcium intake is only about 20% of RDA, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, B1, B2, C were significantly insufficient. The proportion of three nutrients accounted for a reasonable energy source of fat-based vegetable oil, in line with nutritional requirements of the elderly. Nutritional deficiency disease found to have vitamin deficiency symptoms, such as skin dry scales accounted for 4.1%, mouth wet thickness of 28.9%, Tongue red 22.3%, taste bud hypertrophy 81.0%, knee reflex disappeared 12. 4% and so on. The prevalence of critical hypertension was 16.1% and the prevalence of hypertension was 14.3%. Biochemical tests: hemoglobin test 114 people, less than 120g / L of 16.7%; blood sugar test of 116 people, 6.9% higher than normal, lower than the normal accounted for 47?