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目的探讨甲状腺功能亢进症（甲亢）并发甲状腺微小癌的临床病理特点及诊治方法。方法收集21例甲亢并发微小癌的患者的临床病理资料，进行回顾性分析、总结。结果仅有2例术前诊断甲亢并发微小癌并由病理证实，17例行双侧甲状腺次全切除，4例行患侧甲状腺全切，另侧甲状腺次全切。21例随访5～15年(平均8.1年)，无1例复发和转移。结论甲亢并发微小癌可能与免疫缺陷和内分泌功能失调有关。甲亢并发微小癌行双侧甲状腺次全切除术，一般不需作预防性颈淋巴结清扫。“,” Objective To sum up the experience on the clinical pathologic characteristics and diagnosis and treatment for patients of hyperthyroidism complicated by microcarcinoma of the thyroid. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 21 cases of hyperthyroidism complicated by microcarcinoma diagnosed were retrospectively reviewed. Results Only 2 cases of hyperthyroidism complicated by microcarcinoma were preoperatively diagnosed and confirmed by pathological exam, 17cases accepted bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy, 4 case accepted total thyroidectomy and subtotal thyroidectomy of the opposite lobe. No case of recurrent cancer and metastasis was found during the 5~15(mean 8.1) years fol ow up.Conclusion In patients of hyperthyroidism complicated by microcarcinoma may develop on the background of immunodeficiency and endocrine dysfunction. Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy shuld be performed on patients of hyperthyroidism complicated by microcarcinoma. Neck functional lymph dissection is not needed.