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目的分析沈阳市2004—2013年麻疹的流行病学特征,为制定该地区的消除麻疹防控措施提供依据。方法对沈阳市2004—2013年麻疹监测病例进行描述流行病学方法分析。结果沈阳市2004—2013年累计报告麻疹病例2 949例,年平均发病率为0.39/10万,10年间的发病率呈波动趋势。发病季节主要集中在4—6月份,占67.28%;但近2年发病高峰后移明显。沈阳市所辖各地区均有病例报告,其中以经济发达、人口流动性大的地区为主。各年龄组均有麻疹病例,最小为15 d,最大为64岁,平均发病年龄为20岁;0岁组发病率最高,占发病数的23.84%,且所占比例呈逐年上升趋势,其中以5~7月龄为主,占该年龄组的45.37%;25岁以上人群占病例总数的41.81%;男女性别比为1.37∶1。结论该市麻疹疫情存在周期性波动,年龄分布呈现“双相移位”现象。因此,确保适龄儿童的常规免疫接种以及对育龄妇女开展麻疹接种是控制麻疹发病的有效措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Shenyang City from 2004 to 2013 and provide evidence for the prevention and control of measles in this area. Methods Epidemiological analysis of measles surveillance cases in Shenyang from 2004 to 2013 was conducted. Results A total of 2 949 cases of measles were reported in Shenyang from 2004 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 0.39 / 100 000. The incidence of the measles in 10 years was fluctuating. The onset season mainly concentrated in April-June, accounting for 67.28%; but the peak incidence of post-2-year obvious shift. Each district under the jurisdiction of Shenyang City has case reports, of which the economically developed and the large-scale population-based areas. Measles cases in all age groups, the minimum is 15 d, the maximum is 64 years, the average age of onset is 20 years old; 0-year-old group the highest incidence, accounting for 23.84% of the number of incidence, and the proportion showed a rising trend, of which 5 to 7 months of age, accounting for 45.37% of the age group; people over the age of 25 accounted for 41.81% of the total number of cases; gender ratio of 1.37: 1. Conclusion The epidemic situation of measles in this city fluctuated periodically, and the distribution of age showed “double phase shift” phenomenon. Therefore, ensuring routine immunization of school-age children and measles vaccination of women of reproductive age are effective measures to control the incidence of measles.