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枪械分类在枪械基础知识中,是最为人所熟知的部分。一个初学者也能较好的区分出手枪和步枪。而枪械的膛口装置,则是枪械上的一个小部件,看起来十分不显眼,专门介绍膛口装置的科普刊物也非常少,而且不全面,甚至有一些错误。笔者以兵器工业出版社的《自动机结构设计》一书为基准,尽量用通俗的语言介绍膛口装置。膛口装置,大致可以分为制退器、助退器、防跳器、消焰器、消声器五类。它们都是通过控制后效期火药燃气流量、气流方向和气流速度,来达到某种目的的能量转换装置。通俗地讲,就是通过改变枪管末端(枪口)的燃气的流量、方向和速度,完成减小后坐、增加后坐、减小上跳等一系列目的的装置。
Gun classification in the basic knowledge of firearms, is the most well-known part. A beginner can also better distinguish between pistols and rifles. The muzzle device of the firearms, on the other hand, is a small piece of firearms that looks very inconspicuous. There are also very few popular publications devoted to muzzle devices, and they are not comprehensive and even have some mistakes. The author of Weaponry Press, “Automatic Machine Design” as a benchmark book, try to introduce the muzzle device in popular language. Muzzle device, can be divided into retarder, walking aid, anti-skid device, flame arrester, muffler five categories. All of them are energy conversion devices that achieve a certain purpose by controlling the gas flow rate, the air flow direction and the air flow velocity of the after-run powder. More generally, it is through a series of purposes such as changing the flow, direction and speed of the gas at the end of a barrel (muzzle) to reduce the recoil, increase recoil and reduce the jump.