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Purpose:To compare the effects and side-effects of fondaparinux sodium and low molecular weight heparin in patients with hypercoagulability accompanied with traumatic infection.Methods:Thirty-six patients with post-traumatic infections in our hospital intensive care center were diagnosed with hypercoagulability from February 2012 to February 2013.These patients were randomly divided into 2 groups.In group F (18 patients),the patients were treated with fondaparinux sodium,2.5 mg,1/d for 11 d.In group L (18 patients),the patients were treated with low molecular weight heparin,4100 U,1/12 h for 11 d.The incidence of deep vein thrombosis,bleeding events and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and mortality of two groups after anticoagulation therapy were analyzed.Fibrinogen,D-dimer level and activity of antithrombin Ⅲ were measured by the coagulation analyzer.Results:The incidence of deep vein thrombosis,MODS incidence and mortality were not significantly different between the two groups.The rate of bleeding evens in group F was lower than group L (p ＜ 0.05).Antithrombin Ⅲ got an upward trend after anticoagulant therapy,in which it was higher in group F than in group L on the 5th d and 11th d (p ＜ 0.05).Fibrinogen levels were gradually increased,and there was no significant difference between two groups (p ＞ 0.05).D-dimer was significantly decreased after anticoagulant therapy for 5 d (p ＜ 0.01),and there were significant differences between two groups on the 5th d and 7th d (p ＜ 0.05).It showed no significant difference on the 11th d (p ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:Fondaparinux sodium and low molecular weight heparin can effectively improve coagulopathy in patients with traumatic infection.Compared with low molecular weight heparin,fondaparinux sodium may reduce the risk of bleeding events in patients with hypercoagulability accompanied by traumatic infection.