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目的:探索鹿茸可溶性成分(水溶性成分和脂溶性成分)的最优提取工艺,并分析其在我国常见鹿茸中的含量规律。方法:通过比较3种不同破碎方法(超声波提取法,Bullet Blender细胞组织破碎仪提取法和净信组织细胞研磨仪提取法),结合凝胶过滤色谱,得出最佳水溶性成分提取方法。通过比较样品的两种前处理方式(105℃烘干法和24 h冻干法),采用索氏提取法,筛选最适的脂溶性成分测定方法。最后按照优化后实验方案对梅花鹿二杠茸、梅花鹿三杈茸、马鹿茸的尖部和基部可溶性成分进行测定。结果:水溶性成分的提取采用Bullet Blender细胞组织破碎仪法,参数为三档位,3 min,破碎3次,可得到最高提取效率;脂溶性成分的提取采用105℃烘干法,平行实验数据较稳定,相对偏差<5%。不同种类鹿茸尖部和基部的可溶性成分质量分数分别为梅花鹿二杠茸36.06%,8.30%,梅花鹿三杈茸34.54%,7.20%,马鹿茸32.42%,3.91%。结论:该实验成功筛选出鹿茸水溶性与脂溶性成分的最优提取方法,并且发现不同种类鹿茸的可溶性成分在尖部含量明显高于基部,且含量差异表现为梅花鹿二杠茸>梅花鹿三杈茸>马鹿茸的递减趋势,但差异并不显著。
Objective: To explore the optimal extraction process of soluble components (water-soluble and fat-soluble components) of pilose antler, and to analyze its regularity in common pilose antler in our country. Methods: The optimum extraction methods of water-soluble constituents were obtained by comparing three kinds of disruption methods (ultrasonic extraction, Bullet Blender cell disruption analyzer and net cell tissue analyzer) combined with gel filtration chromatography. By comparing the two pretreatment methods (105 ℃ drying method and 24 h freeze-drying method), the Soxhlet extraction method was used to screen the optimum fat-soluble components determination method. Finally, according to the optimized experimental scheme, the sika deer two angle velvet, sika deer three twigs, antler antler and basal soluble components were determined. Results: The water-soluble components were extracted by Bullet Blender cell tissue disintegration method with the parameters of third gear, 3 min, and 3 times of breaking. The highest extraction efficiency was obtained. The fat-soluble components were extracted by the drying method at 105 ℃ and the parallel experimental data Relatively stable, the relative deviation <5%. The soluble fraction content of the tip and base of different types of pilose antler were 36.06% and 8.30% respectively, the three kinds of velvet antler 34.54% and 7.20%, the antler 32.42% and 3.91% respectively. Conclusion: The optimal extraction method for water-soluble and fat-soluble components of pilose antler was successfully screened. The soluble components of different types of pilose antler were found to be significantly higher at the tip than at the base, and the difference was as follows: Velvet> Deer velvet decline, but the difference is not significant.