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目的:总结采用日间模式行超声引导下经皮腔内血管成形术（PTA）治疗自体动静脉瘘（AVF）成熟不良的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院自2016年11月至2019年6月收治的采用日间模式行超声引导下PTA治疗AVF成熟不良患者的临床资料，统计患者的基础信息、病变部位、穿刺入路、使用球囊个数与直径，并计算术后6个月和12个月的一期通畅率和二期通畅率。结果:AVF成熟不良患者21例中，男11例、女10例，年龄（52.6±12.9）岁，其中20例治疗成功，1例发生血管破裂行AVF重建术，并发症率为4.8%（1/21）。患者住院天数为（1.05±0.71）d，费用为（11 487.7±4 401.4）元。20例患者获得随访，随访时间为（19.7±8.3）个月，术后6个月和12个月的一期通畅率分别为70%和55%，二期通畅率均为90%。结论:采用日间模式行超声引导下PTA是促进AVF成熟的安全有效方法，具有很高的技术成功率和良好的通畅率，可取得满意的促成熟效果。“,”Objective:To summarize the clinical effect of ultrasound-guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in the treatment of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) immaturation under day surgery mode.Methods:The clinical data was retrospective analyzed of patients with AVF immaturation who were treated by ultrasound-guided PTA under day surgery mode from November 2016 to June 2019 in Renji Hospital. The basic information, lesion location, puncture approach, number and diameter of balloon used were counted. The primary and secondary patency rates were calculated at 6 and 12 months after operation.Results:In all of the 21 patients, 11 patients were male and 10 patients were female. The mean age was (52.6±12.9) years old. There were 20 of the 21 patients who were treated successfully. One patient had AVF reconstruction with vascular rupture, and the complication rate was 4.8% (1/21). The length of hospitalization was (1.05±0.71) days, and the cost was (11 487.7±4 401.4) yuan. The follow-up time was (19.7±8.3) months. The 6-month and 12-month primary patency rate were 70% and 55%, and the 6-month and 12-month secondary patency rate were both 90%.Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided PTA in the treatment of AVF immaturation under day surgery mode is safe and effective, which has a high technical success rate and good patency rate for AVF maturation.