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关于农业生态系统能流特征的研究很多,但关于植物篱农作系统能流特征的研究很少。在四川盆地雨养丘陵农区,2/3的耕地土壤侵蚀严重,为了控制土壤侵蚀和提高耕地生产力,该区域大量栽种了植物篱。该研究通过了解作物与植物篱之间的能流交付作用,通过系统能量投入水平提高与结构优化,建立环境友好的农作系统,最终实现坡地农业的可持续。通过两年田间小区试验,详细记录所有劳力投入、化肥投入、农药投入、农事管理活动以及落叶的数量并折算为标准能量单位。作物收获后所有生物产量的能量根据其各部分的转换值折算为标准能量。系统能流特征及效率通过统计分析完成。通过研究主要获得了以下3个结论:1)“作物-植物篱”系统产出能和输入能的数量和结构变化主要受植物篱子系统类型的影响。与大面积旱坡地传统农作物生产系统比较,植物篱农作系统能有效提高系统光能利用率、人工输入能效率,耕地单位面积总产出能也会增加,坡度越大,相对增幅亦越大;由于能极显著减少无机能施入量,这有利于降低化肥农药使用量,减少对环境的污染和破坏。2)“作物-果树类植物篱”系统输入能总量和有机能输入量大幅度增加,因此有利于优化输入能结构,促进坡地生态系统良性循环和集约高效农业发展。3)“作物-草本植物篱”系统人工辅助能的输入量大幅度下降,由于它所需投入能少,有机能耗和无机能耗均低,人工输入能效率很高而生物产量也较高,并且它们提高了与其间作的其它作物的能量产投比,因此提升了整个系统能量产投比率;由于保水固土的生态功能显著,使它能在四川广大山地、丘陵区退耕还林还草工程中发挥重要作用。
There are many researches on the energy flow characteristics of agroecosystems, but there are few researches on the energy flow characteristics of cropping systems. Two-thirds of the cultivated land in the rain-fed hilly area of Sichuan Basin is severely eroded. In order to control soil erosion and increase productivity, a large number of hedgerows are planted in the area. The study aims to understand the sustainability of cropping and hedgerows by enabling them to deliver the energy flow between the crops and the hedgerows. Through the improvement of system energy input and structure optimization, an eco-friendly farming system is established. Through two years of trial in field plots, detailed records of all labor inputs, fertilizer inputs, pesticide inputs, farm management activities and the number of defoliation were converted into standard energy units. The energy of all biomass after crop harvest is converted into standard energy based on the converted values of each fraction. The energy flow characteristics and efficiency of the system are obtained through statistical analysis. Through the research, the following three conclusions are obtained: 1) The quantity and structure change of output energy and input energy of “crop-hedgerow” system are mainly affected by the type of plant hedgerow system. Compared with the traditional crop production system on a large area of dry land, the hedgerow cropping system can effectively improve the system utilization rate of light energy, the efficiency of manual input and the total output per unit area of cultivated land will also increase. The greater the slope, the greater the relative increase. ; Because it can significantly reduce the amount of inorganic application, which is conducive to reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, reduce environmental pollution and damage. 2) The input and total input of organic matter of crop-fruit tree hedgerows increased significantly, which is beneficial to optimize the structure of input energy and promote the virtuous cycle of slopeland ecosystem and intensive and efficient agricultural development. 3) The input of “crop-hedgerow” system artificial assistive energy is greatly reduced. Due to its low investment required, low organic and inorganic energy consumption, high manual input efficiency and high bioavailability And they raise the energy production ratio of the other crops with them, thus increasing the energy-to-output ratio of the whole system. Due to the significant ecological function of soil-retaining and solid-fixing, it can be re-cultivated in vast mountainous and hilly areas of Sichuan Also play an important role in forest and grass project.