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本文认为重金属形态分布和化学稳定性是重金属水环境容量研究的基础。计算机处理的化学平衡计算可以得到重金属在水体中的形态分布及其与环境条件变化的关系,确立化学稳定性的定量模式并与环境容量计算联系起来。文中大略介绍了目前计算机处理的水化学平衡模式发展概况、一般原则和方法以及环境应用实例。着重讨论了重金属在固/液界面吸附的定量模式。其中对水化学平衡模式REDEDEQL 2中应用的“James Healy”模式和简单的表面络合“Swiss”模式作了较为详细的介绍。讨论了较为适用的经验模式和条件吸附常数的测定方法。
In this paper, the morphological distribution and chemical stability of heavy metals are considered as the basis for the study of heavy metal water environmental capacity. Computerized chemical equilibrium calculations yield the morphological distribution of heavy metals in water and their relationship with changes in environmental conditions, establish quantitative models of chemical stability and relate them to environmental capacity calculations. This article briefly introduces the current development of computerized water chemistry balance mode, general principles and methods, and environmental application examples. The quantitative mode of heavy metal adsorption at solid / liquid interface is emphatically discussed. Among them, “James Healy” mode and simple surface complex “Swiss” mode applied in REDEDEQL 2 are described in detail. The suitable empirical mode and the method for determining the adsorption constants are discussed.