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在比较处理组与对照组的差别是否有显著意义时,若两组样本大小相等,其研究工作的精密程度要比总例数不变而两组样本不等者较高,即统计效率较高(见后证明)。设有近视者100例,按随机化原则分为处理组与对照组。若两组各有50例,治疗后有效率分别为60%、40%,经检验后,P<0.05(u=2),表明两组疗效在统计学上有显著性差异;同样是这100
When comparing the differences between the treatment group and the control group, if the sample sizes of the two groups are equal, the degree of precision of the research work will be the same as the total number of cases but the two groups of samples will be higher, that is, the statistical efficiency is higher. (see later proof). There are 100 cases of myopia, according to the principle of randomization into the treatment group and the control group. If there are 50 patients in each group, the effective rates after treatment are 60% and 40% respectively. After testing, P<0.05 (u=2) indicates that there is a statistically significant difference between the two groups; similarly, this is 100.