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[目的]了解职业有害因素对某焦化厂工人恶性肿瘤死亡的影响。[方法]对该焦化厂工人疾病死因进行14年(1988-2001年)回顾性队列分析,以上海市人口的肿瘤死亡率作为标准对照,计算标准化死亡率比(SMR)及其95％可信区间(95％CI)。[结果]①队列观察期间共死亡463人,粗死亡率516.08／10万,其中恶性肿瘤死亡173人,占全死因37.37％,其他依次为血管系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、损伤和中毒等。②炼焦工作区男性职工肺癌和膀胱癌SMR分别为2.77和8.03;副产品工作区男性职工胃癌和白血病SMR分别为1.89和4.14。累计工龄超过20年以上的炼焦工作区男性职工肺癌SMR为2.84;副产品工作区男性职工肺癌和胃癌SMR分别为2.13和2.05;传输工作区男性职工胃癌SMR为2.92。[结论]该焦化厂职业危害因素有使男性职工恶性肿瘤死亡率增高的趋势,但需在控制职业和非职业因素的情况下作更深入的研究。
[Objective] To understand the influence of occupational harmful factors on the death of malignant tumor in a coking plant worker. [Methods] A retrospective cohort analysis of the cause of death of workers in this coking plant for 14 years (1988-2001) was conducted. The standard of death rate (SMR) and 95% confidence Interval (95% CI). [Results] ①Of the cohort, 463 deaths were observed during the cohort period, with a crude death rate of 516.08 / 100 000, of which 173 were malignant tumors, accounting for 37.37% of the total deaths. The others followed by vascular diseases, respiratory diseases, injuries and poisoning. (2) The SMRs of lung cancer and bladder cancer were 2.77 and 8.03 respectively in the coking work area and 1.89 and 4.14 respectively in the male workers in the work area of co-products. The SMR of male workers in the coking work area with cumulative length of service more than 20 years was 2.84. The SMRs of lung cancer and gastric cancer were 2.13 and 2.05 respectively in the work area of byproducts. The SMR of male workers in the work area was 2.92. [Conclusion] The occupational hazards of this coking plant tended to increase the mortality rate of male workers from malignant tumors. However, more research should be conducted under the control of occupational and non-occupational factors.