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目的研究春、秋季室外颗粒物PM10、PM2.5及PM2.5-10的短期暴露对大学生肺功能1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)的影响。方法选取武汉市某大学2年级37名学生作为研究对象,采用固定群组追踪研究的方法,于2009年秋季(10月29日—11月11日,连续14 d)和2010年春季(3月24日—4月6日,连续14 d)两个时段内分别测定其早、晚FEV1,同时监测室外PM10、PM2.5浓度和温湿度变化。构建广义估计方程定量评价颗粒物暴露对学生FEV1的影响。结果春季PM10、PM2.5和PM2.5-10浓度每升高10μg/m3时,当晚FEV1分别下降0.20%(β的95%CI:-0.37%~-0.04%),0.48%(β的95%CI:-0.88%~-0.07%)和0.29%(β的95%CI:-0.53%~-0.04%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但其滞后和累积效应无统计学意义(P>0.05)。秋季大气颗粒物的暴露与晚上FEV1无统计学关联(P>0.05),PM2.5-10浓度每升高10μg/m3时,滞后3 d的早上FEV1下降0.41%(95%CI:-0.81%~0.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论武汉市春、秋季室外颗粒物的短期暴露对大学生FEV1存在急性影响,其中PM2.5-10暴露对肺功能的影响亦应引起重视。
Objective To study the effects of short-term exposure of outdoor PM10, PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 particles on forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of lung function in university students in spring and autumn. Methods A total of 37 students in Grade 2 of a university in Wuhan were enrolled in this study. The study was conducted in a fixed-group follow-up study. During the fall of 2009 (October 29-November 11, 14 consecutive days) and Spring 2010 (March 24th-April 6th, 14th consecutive days), the early and late FEV1 were measured respectively in two time periods. Meanwhile, the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 and the changes of temperature and humidity were monitored. Construction of Generalized Estimation Equations to Quantitatively Evaluate the Effects of Particulate Exposed on FEV1 in Students. Results When the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were increased by 10μg / m3 in spring, the FEV1 decreased by 0.20% (95% CI: -0.37% -0.04%) and 0.48% (95% % CI: -0.88% -0.07%) and 0.29% (95% CI: -0.53% -0.04%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05), but the lag and cumulative effects were not statistically significant Significance (P> 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the exposure of autumn atmospheric particulates and night FEV1 (P> 0.05). For each 10 μg / m3 of PM2.5-10, morning FEV1 decreased by 0.41% (95% CI: -0.81% 0.00%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Short-term exposure to outdoor particulate matter in Wuhan in spring and autumn has an acute effect on FEV1 in university students. PM2.5-10 exposure to pulmonary function should also be emphasized.