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第三纪的板块运动驱动着澳大利亚的气候和植被进行演化。广布的湿润森林区是澳大利亚早第三纪的特征。一直到始新世，生物多样性都在不断地提高。毫无疑问，这是澳大利亚由高南纬区向北部中纬区运移的结果。从始新世到上新世，澳大利亚的气候总体上要比现在湿润，但降水量季节性变化的增强推动了中新世以后硬叶植物和旱生植物的发展。上新世晚期似乎与第四纪一样，都出现过周期性干旱。这种干旱与冰期条件有关，至少由南澳大利亚晚第四纪的记录可以认识到这一点，澳大利亚的这段历史与东亚的气候变迁是同步发生的。在东亚，印一澳板块的运动致使青藏高原抬升，从而引发了区内乃至全球气候的巨变。穿越赤道区的季风和信风的环流格局致使晚第三纪和第四纪中国与澳大利亚的气候系统的相关性更强。
The tectonic movement of the Tertiary period has driven the evolution of climate and vegetation in Australia. The widespread, humid forest area is characteristic of Australia’s Early Tertiary. Until the Eocene, biodiversity is constantly improving. Undoubtedly, this is the result of the migration of Australia from the high latitude region to the northern latitude region. From the Eocene to the Pliocene, the climate in Australia is generally wetter than it is now, but the increased seasonal variation of precipitation has contributed to the development of hard-leaf and xerophytes after the Miocene. Periods of the Late Pliocene It seems that, like the Quaternary, periodic drought occurred. This drought is related to glacial conditions, as can be recognized at least by the record of late South Quaternary in South Australia, and this period of history in Australia coincides with the climate change in East Asia. In East Asia, the Indian-Australian plate movement led to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, which triggered a dramatic change in the region and even the world. The monsoon and trade wind circulation patterns across the equatorial regions have made the correlation between the late Tertiary and Quaternary climate systems of China and Australia stronger.