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煤是由植物变化成的。由植物到煤是自然界的一个复杂的变化过程,牵涉到生物学的、化学的和地质学的多方面的问题。除了极少数的例外,煤是由陆生植物变化成的。过去有人看到在海洋的近岸地区往往繁殖着大量的海藻,有时甚至在海面上成为浮动的“海藻岛”:又看到在某些古煤层的上面或下面往往存在着石灰岩层或其他在海底生成的岩层,因此曾提出“煤由海生值物造成”的见解,这一看法,经过进一步的地质学研究与煤的显微镜下观察,已被证明是不能成立的了。如果把煤磨成光面或作成透明的薄片用显微镜来观察,往往可以看到其中有些部分显出很清楚的植物组织,有时甚至还可以清晰地看
Coal is transformed from plants. From plant to coal is a complex process of change in the natural world, involving many biological, chemical, and geological issues. With a few exceptions, coal has been transformed from terrestrial plants. In the past, it has been observed that a large number of algae are often bred in the nearshore of the ocean and sometimes even become floating “seaweed islands” on the surface of the sea: seeing that limestone layers or other layers are often present above or below certain ancient coal seams. Because of the formation of rock formations on the seabed, it has been proposed that “coal is caused by marine values”. This view, after further geological studies and observation under the microscope of coal, has proved to be untenable. If the coal is polished into a smooth surface or made into a thin transparent sheet, it can be observed with a microscope. It is often seen that some parts of the plant have clearly expressed plant tissues, and sometimes even clearly visible.