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本报告叙述了燃料喷射系统诸元件选定的不同过程。例如:凸轮型线、柱塞直径、出油阀和喷嘴的特性等。首先叙述了一些能够粗略求解的经验法则,然后介绍了一些更接近实际的、愈来愈精确的计算方法。最终只有通过在发动机上的试验,才能肯定地得出有关燃料消耗率、排烟浓度、气缸压力升高情况、燃烧室有无壁面燃烧以及喷嘴有无胶结或积垢等结论。现今,燃料喷射系统制造厂常拥有范围宽广的产品系列,以满足柴油机制造厂的各种要求。因此后者已不再需要对喷射系统各元件进行确定和试验。但是对柴油机制造厂来讲对某些元件的选择却是需要的,例如:燃料凸轮的型线、柱塞直径,止回阀容积、喷嘴开启压力及几何尺寸(喷孔直径、喷孔数、喷射角等)等。在这份报告内,只谈谈设计柴油机时遇到的一些问题,并介绍一些降低油耗、避免冒黑烟和敲缸,以及保证正常运转的一些方法和措施。在可以使用的一些方法内,采用下面的方法:根据设计柴油机的经验公式和一些成功的实际运用规则作出粗略的初步判断,然后再在计算的基础上作出较精确的选择,最后,通过试验最终地选定各元件。在本报告的后一部分,专门研究了喷嘴的胶结现象和滑油稀释的主要原因。
This report describes the different processes selected for fuel injection system components. For example: cam profile, plunger diameter, the characteristics of the valve and the nozzle. First described some rules of thumb that can be roughly solved, then introduced some more realistic, more accurate calculation method. Finally, only through the test on the engine can we conclusively conclude that the fuel consumption rate, the smoke concentration, the pressure increase of the cylinder, the presence or absence of wall combustion in the combustion chamber, and the presence or absence of cementing or fouling of the nozzle. Today, fuel injection system manufacturers often have a wide range of product lines to meet the various requirements of diesel engine manufacturing plants. Therefore, the latter no longer needs to determine and test the components of the injection system. However, for diesel engine manufacturers, the selection of certain components is needed. For example, the profile of the fuel cam, the diameter of the plunger, the volume of the check valve, the pressure at the nozzle opening, and the geometry (nozzle diameter, Spray angle, etc.). In this report, we will talk about some of the problems we encountered in the design of diesel engines. We will also introduce some methods and measures to reduce fuel consumption, avoid black smoke and knock the cylinder, and ensure normal operation. In some of the methods that can be used, the following method is adopted: According to the empirical formula of the design of diesel engine and some successful rules of practical use to make a rough preliminary judgment, and then make more accurate calculations based on the choice, and finally, through the test To select the components. In the latter part of this report, we have studied specifically the phenomenon of nozzle cementation and the main reason for oil dilution.